日记大全|非谓语教案(必备十三篇)_非谓语教案

发表时间：2021-03-02

非谓语教案(必备十三篇)。

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

[学习目标]：

1.理清情节结构，学习小说鉴赏的一般方法;

2.了解环境描写与人物形象塑造的关系。

[学习重点难点]：

1.作者在人物描写中包含的思想感情;

在《五人墓碑记》中，张溥对五位义士的死作了高度评价，让我们重新理解了“生得伟大，死得光荣”的含义。这五位义士，都是社会底层的普通人，在世俗的社会中，他们根本不会引起人们注意的目光。然而往往正是这些普通人的良知与选择，奠定了社会的公正，使人类文明传统得以传承。

下面我们继续来学习一篇表现社会底层人物品质的文章。(板书课题与作者)

约翰?高尔斯华绥(John Galsworty， 1867-1933)，英国批判现实主义作家。出身于富裕的资产阶级家庭;在牛津大学学过法律。三十岁时发表处女作《天涯海角》，但一直到 19《法利赛人》出版，才引起社会注意。19长篇小说《有产业的人》问世，奠定了他成为英国第一流作家的地位。以后二十多年中写了大量作品，几乎每年出版一部小说和一个剧本。1932年获诺贝尔文学奖金。

高尔斯华绥最重要的作品是两组三部曲：《福尔赛世家》(《有产业的人》《骑虎》《出租》)和《现代喜剧》(《白猿》《银匙》、《天鹅曲》)。这两组长篇小说通过对一个资产阶级家族兴亡史的描写，反映了从十九世纪八十年代至二十世纪二十年代英国资产阶级走向堕落和腐朽的历史。作者成功地塑造了一些英国资产阶级的典型人物，揭露了他们的丑恶灵魂。他的作品描述细致深入，语言简洁确切，笔调含蓄讥讽，表面看似冷漠，实则爱憎分明。与同时代的英国作家相比，他的艺术成就和批判现实的深度是比较突出的。但是他并不想触及资本主义制度。他认为把社会分成阶级是永远不变的生活规律，要改变社会制度是不可能的。第—次世界大战后的创作明显地反映出他越来越坚定地站到维护资产阶级的立场上去了。

高尔斯华绥还写过不少短篇小说，题材多样，内容广泛，风格也各不相同，描写的人物形形色色。《品质》(19)是其中比较优秀的一篇。作者摆脱了向来充斥英国社会那种崇尚贵族绅士的阶级偏见，热情地歌颂了地位卑微的制鞋匠的高贵品质;对在工商业日益资本主义现代化的英国社会里小手工业者的悲惨命运，寄予了深切的同情。小说故事平淡，语言朴素，通篇无惊人乏笔，然而就在平淡和朴素之中，蕴藏着强烈的感情，富有感染力。作者着重刻划格斯拉兄弟如何把所有的感情倾注在工作上，因而结局只简单几笔，就足以激动人心。格斯拉饿死前精工细作了最优质的靴子一节，表现了劳动者对自己技艺的深厚感情，尤为感人。

讨论明确：小说可以分为两部分。第一部分从开头到“就不收你这双靴子的工钱”。通过“我”和鞋匠格斯拉的交往，介绍格斯拉的基本情况。

第二部分从“有一次(也只有这一次)”到文末，写格斯拉在困境中仍然坚持做质量最好的靴子。

四、人物讨论：

1.作者是怎样来写出格斯拉兄弟手艺的高超的和人品的高尚的?

讨论明确：

⑴小说开始，在“我”很小的时候，就领略了格斯拉的手艺。

作者细致地描绘橱窗陈列的样品，称赞格斯拉高超的制鞋手艺。“那几双靴子太美观了”、“叫人看了舍不得离开”、“只有亲眼看过靴子灵魂的人才能做出那样的靴子”、“这些靴子体现了各种靴子的本质，确实是模范品”、“我总觉得，做靴子，特别是做像他所做的靴子，简直是神妙的手艺”……作者不吝笔墨，用最美好的话语来赞美格斯拉的手艺。

⑵先赞美靴子的制作手艺，后介绍制靴人。在看过靴子的样品之后，人们一定想知道格斯拉其人。作者在介绍格斯拉兄弟的相貌时有一些评点：“他本人有点儿像皮革制成的人”、“因为皮革是一种死板板的物品，本来就有点僵硬和迟钝”、“只有他的蓝灰眼睛含蓄着朴实严肃的风度，好像在迷恋着理想”、“由于勤苦在各方面都显得更瘦弱、更苍白”。人物性格已经部分地表现在这样的描述中，读者可以看出，这是个严肃认真、不擅交际的人。在这一部分中已经点出了矛盾：因为质量好(“他好像把靴子的本质缝到靴子里去了”)，所以靴子经穿，人们也就不常到他的店堂里去。

⑶从介绍“我”和格斯拉的具体交往中，写出格斯拉的信誉好，靴子的质量高。从他接待顾客的方式来看，显然他是把更多的精力放在制作靴子上。他对自己的手艺有一种自信，对自己制作的靴子也有把握(“如果我不能把它修好，就不收你这双靴子的工钱”)。

⑷面对大公司粗制滥造的时髦靴子，“他的语调里没有愤怒，也没有悲哀，连鄙视的情绪也没有”，其实，格斯拉有自己的愤怒，对那种不顾靴子质量利用广告销售的粗劣制品表示了鄙视。“这些大公司真不顾体面。可耻!”——这是格斯拉发出的最有力度的批判。在大工业公司的垄断下，小手工业作坊的经营越来越困难。格斯拉的愤怒，不完全是因为大公司的垄断使他的生计出现困难，更重要的是他认为大公司不顾信誉，生产不合格的靴子坑害消费者。

对格斯拉来说，他如果“顺应潮流”，就得利用广告，就得粗制滥造，就得赶时髦，让人们不断地换靴子，不断地跑到他的店铺里来购买，以增加业务。但是格斯拉作为一个底层劳动者的良好品质在这里展现出来，他坚持一贯的做人准则，一直到生命的最后。

在大公司的挤压下，两年的时间，格斯拉的生意继续下滑，不得不盘出一间店面，而哥哥因此想不开，死了。又过了一年，“我”回到伦敦，仅仅不过一年的时间，生活艰难的格斯拉一下子老了许多(“我离去时，他是个六十岁的人，我回来时，他仿佛已经七十五岁了”)。

2.作者为什么对最后一次定货，写得很详细?

在一番对话后，格斯拉一如既往地为“我”量尺码;“我”在收到货后，又对靴子作了一番评价(“不论在式样或尺寸上，在加工或皮革质量上，这些靴子都是他给我做过的最好的靴子”)，这些铺垫之下，人物的命运就显得不可思议：格斯拉竟然饿死了。

隔壁店面的“年轻人”以知情人的身份说出的一段话道出了人物不幸命运的根源：他亲手制作靴子，不让别人碰;他精心制作，不惜时间;他用最好的皮革;他废寝忘食;他从不预收工钱，“经常断炊”……

3.人物形象小结：

格拉斯虽然穷困，但是恪守职业尊严。作为一个穷苦的鞋匠，格斯拉一生中只做一件事——制作靴子，他把这件事做到尽善尽美，死而无憾。社会风气的变化也是导致格斯拉生意下滑的原因(“人们好像不要结实靴子”)，那么为什么会有这种风气?除了小说结束部分借“年轻人”的口说出了一部分原因，其他原因也不难揣测：在对待靴子问题上，他比顾客还要认真;他只注意靴子的品质，不追求时尚;他认为他是最懂得靴子的，可是顾客要的是时髦;他认为靴子的品质第一是经久耐穿，但是顾客也许喜新厌旧……矛盾的焦点，也许就在于他太重视靴子的品质。

五、深刻的小说主题。

小说以工业垄断对手工业作坊的冲击为背景，客观地描写手工业者的生存危机，赞扬鞋匠格斯拉恪守职业道德，宁可饿死也不肯偷工减料的高尚品质，表现出对底层劳动者的尊重，同时借这个形象，揭露了工业革命、市场竞争带来的商业诚信危机。

1.小说塑造鞋匠格斯拉的形象，通篇用白描的方法，朴实无华。

小说对人物肖像描写的两个特点：(1)把外表的形似与内含的神似结合在一起;(2)把描写的落脚点归结于人物精神境界的提示上。

对店铺的描写和格斯拉的对话，倾注了真挚的情感。在一次次的交往中，“我”对格斯拉充满了理解和同情，体现了作者的思想感情。在不断地称赞他的手艺的同时，引导读者注意他的命运;而最好的手艺，最悲惨的命运形成的反差产生了强烈的震撼力。

七、问题讨论：

有人认为，制鞋匠格斯拉没有必要守着最好的手艺而饿死，应当“因时而化”，你是怎样看待这个问题的?

点拨：当大工业生产冲击了传统手工业生产，鞋匠格斯拉面临生存危机之际，他仍坚守着做人的准则，制作最好的皮靴(“把靴子的本质都缝到靴子里去了”)，他制作靴子，也爱他的劳动(“我们热爱靴子”)，宁可饿死也不肯粗制滥造，表现了高尚的劳动道德。大工业生产提高了效率，但是从某种程度上说，也降低了产品的质量。格斯拉诚实，忠实于自己的职业，如果要求他为了生存“因时而化”，放弃自己的行为准则，这个人物也就没有什么价值了

格斯拉是一位优秀的鞋匠。他具有高超的技艺，做的鞋子经久耐穿。“有一双轻佻舞靴，细长到非言语所能形容的地步”“只有亲眼看过靴子灵魂的人才能做出那样的靴子”。做鞋子不像是他谋生的手段更像是在追求艺术,但最好的手艺却和最悲惨的命运矛盾地捆在了一起。

他的顾客越来越少。因为他所做的靴子非常经穿，一时穿不坏的，他好像把靴子的本质缝到靴子里去了;他的店面越来越小直至破产。因为他接了一份订货后，要费好长时间去做它。顾客可不愿等待啊，结果他失去了所有的顾客(除了文中的“我”)。

“他坐在那里，只管做呀做呀。在伦敦，没有一个人可以做出比他更好的靴子!但是也得看看同业竞争啊!他从不登广告!他肯用最好的皮革，而且还要亲自做。”这似乎道出了格斯拉饿死的一个原因。当时的英国已经进入工业革命时期，大公司批量生产已经形成垄断之势，格拉斯却仍然固守自己的小作坊，怎能不被社会进步的洪流淹没?格斯拉的小作坊，管理者和工作者合二为一，基本上没有宣传，而且还只接受定做。大有“酒香不怕巷子深”的固执。这怎么能适应不断变化不断进步的新社会呢。格拉斯是一个优秀的制作者，是一个能工巧匠，是一个做鞋的艺术者，但他绝不是一个合格的管理者。而他把这二者在无意识的情况下合并在了一起，必然会铸就一个悲惨的结局。

格斯拉悲惨的结局也反应了理想主义与现实主义的冲突。理想主义面对现实有时就是这样脆弱无力，甚至付出血淋淋的代价。19世纪法国的圣西门、英国的欧文为了自己的“空想社会主义”倾家荡产。傅立叶还被称作“大脑患病的产物”。拉斯拉也沉溺于自己对“品质”的追求，宁肯关门倒闭也不退让，直至饿死。

对格拉斯同情还是惋惜?同情他对“品质”的执着追求，同情他生活在自己为自己设定的理想之中，同情他“至死不渝”?惋惜他生不逢时，他应该生活在更早一些时代，至少不是工业化社会，惋惜他空有一身好技艺却少有人赏识，惋惜他不能适应社会改变自己?

处于现代社会的我，对格斯拉既有几分尊敬又有几分惋惜。我敬佩他对自己技艺的执着追求，我敬佩他固守自己理想的可贵品质，我敬佩他不为社会风气左右的从容淡定，但我也为他不能与时俱进而惋惜。

是谁饿死了格斯拉?让我想起了鲁迅的《祥林嫂》，“是谁杀死了祥林嫂?”

我只是把这篇课文作为一般的小说在讲，主要分析了人物形象，也只是请同学们找出格斯拉“怪”但能体现他品质的细节，并请同学们说出这些细节分别体现了格斯拉怎么样的品质。总觉得先是这样找句子并不能深层地挖掘出这个人物的品质，更不能很好地体现“底层的光芒”这一主题。

另外，在第一课时中，暗示格斯拉兄弟命运的细节学生基本能找出来，但仅仅只是找出来，看出生意越来越清淡，身体状况越来越差这一点还是需要学生自己概括出来的。至于“细节推动情节发展”这一点，我没有好好介绍、强调，学生也就压根不知道这到底是怎么回事

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)

爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)

你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)

他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

3) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.

Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.

维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。

4) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Larke likes the pop music.

Larke has nothing to do today.

非谓语动词的特征：

3 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.

To help him is my duty.

4 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.

在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。

(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)

It's too difficult for him to master

English in such a short time.

他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。

5 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.

对不起让你久等了。

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.

从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。

6 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.

There are two big swimming pools here.

这儿有两个大型游泳池。

非谓语动词的形式变化：

进行 to be writing/

完成 to have written to have been written

完成进行 to have been writing /

完成 having written having been written

分词是由动词 +ing 或动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。

working worked washing washed

分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。

China is a developing1 country.

中国是一个发展中国家。

That's an interesting story.

这是一个有趣的故事。

The girl singing for us is ten years old.

给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。

作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.

工人在这次活动中起主要作用。

The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.

被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。

There is nothing interesting.

没什么有趣的事。

分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。

Being a student, he likes to help others.

作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。

Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.

戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。

She is there waiting for us.

她在那儿等我们呢。

Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.

The story is interesting .

故事有趣。

We are interested in computer.

我们对计算机感兴趣。

The glass is broken.

玻璃杯破了。

The water is boiled.

可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。

I saw him walking in the street.

我看见他在街上走。

I heard them singing in the classroom.

我听见他们在教室里唱歌。

We found the boy sleeping.

我们发现小孩睡着了。

have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。

I have my hair cut.

She has her bike repaired.

They have their house rebuilt.

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.

不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare2 to go to school.

分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.

看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.

回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.

收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.

晚饭后，我出去散步了。

Having known3 that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.

他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。

The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.

正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

非谓语动词短语汇总

后接不定式to do/do

1.like to do sth

2.like sb to do sth

3.Let's (not ) do sth

4.want to do sth

5.want sb to do sth

to do sth

7.ask sb (not ) to do sth

8.stop to do sth

9.tell sb (not ) to do sth

10.watch sb do sth

11.It's time (for sb) to do sth

12.help sb (to ) do sth

13.help do sth

14.make sb do sth

15.decide (not ) to do sth

16.find it +adj + to do sth

17.have to do sth

18.try (not ) to do sth

19.try one's best to do sth

20.It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth

21.plan to do sth

22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth

23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth

24.send sb to do sth

25.invite sb to do sth

26.forget to do sth

to be +时间

28.be able to do sth

29.have sth to do

30.seem to do sth

31.get sb /sth to do sth

32.疑问词+ to do sth

33.need sth to do sth

34.use sth to do sth

35.follow sb to sth

36.need to do sth

37.a good time to do sth

38.the best time to do sth

39.the best way to do sth

40.be the first / last one to do sth

41.would like to do sth

42.be excited /surprised to do sth

43.be useful to do sth

44.be allowed to do sth

45.allow sb to do sth

46.It's better to do sth

47.It's best to do sth

48.take care (not) to do sth

49.see sb do sth

50.why not do sth ?

51.have enough time to do sth

52.too… to do sth

53.not… enough to do sth

54.encourage sb to do sth

55.choose to sth

56.wait to do sth

57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth

58.make it +adj + to do sth

59.be careful to do sth

60.be afraid to do sth

61.It's our duty to do sth

62.used to do sth

63.can't afford to do sth

64.make a decision to do sth

65.have an opportunity to do sth

66.wait for sb to do sth

67.would do sth rather than do sth

68.would rather do sth than do sth

69.hurry to do sth

70.refuse to do sth

71.agree to do sth

72.pretend to do sth

73.pretend to be doing sth

74.prefer to do sth

75.prefer not to do sth

76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth

77.be willing to do sth

78.volunteer +时间/ 钱 + to do sth

79.volunteer to do sth

80.offer to do sth

81.rush to do sth

82.in order (not ) to do sth

83.be certain to do sth

84.be sure to do sth

85.make plans to do sth

86.go out of their way to do sth

87.lead sb to do sth

88.It's one's job to do sth

89.It's one's turn to do sth

90.urge sb to do sth

uld /Would you please (not) do sth ?

92.be supposed to do sth

93.warn sb to do sth

后接动名词doing

1.like doing sth

2.enjoy doing sth

3.have fun doing sth

4.be interested in doing sth

5.Thanks for doing sth

6.look at sb doing sth

7.stop sb doing sth

8.stop sb from doing sth

9.go + v-ing

10.do the (some )+v-ing

11.What/How doing sth ?

12.practice doing sth

13.watch sb doing sth

14.find sb doing sth

15.mind (one's ) doing sth

16.can't stand doing sth

17.think about doing sth

18.spend … (in)doing sth

19.finish doing sth

20.be busy doing sth

21.keep doing sth

22.keep sb from doing sth

23.keep sb doing sth

24.be good at doing sth

25.hate doing sth

26.There be +名词+doing sth

27.make a living by doing sth

28.have a difficult time doing sth

29.feel like doing sth

30.allow doing sth

31.see sb doing sth

32.by doing sth

33.end up doing sth

34.do a survey about doing sth

35.be afraid of doing sth

36.be used to doing sth

37.be terrified of doing sth

38.give up doing sth

39.instead of doing sth

40.have nothing against doing sth

41.be serious about doing sth

42.have a chance of doing sth

43.before/ when /while +doing sth

44.start doing sth

45.have a lot of experience doing sth

46.prefer doing sth

nsider doing sth

48.dream of / about doing sth

ntinue doing sth

50.put off doing sth

51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth

52.prefer doing sth to doing sth

53.without doing sth

54.be comfortable doing sth

55.can't stop/help doing sth

56.look forward to doing sth

57.be against doing sth

58.have trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth

59.suggest doing sth

60.be busy doing sth

61.be worth doing sth

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

动词的---ing形式有时在用法上相当于名词，因此叫做动名词，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

一、主语

Reading is learning, but using is also learning.

Seeing is believing.

It’s interesting planning a holiday.

但是表语形容词是important, necessary等时，只能用不定式，如：

It’s important to learn English by using it.

动名词复合结构作主语时，逻辑主语不论是名词还是代词，常用属格，如：

Her going there won’t do any harm.

It is no use Mary’s pretending that she didn’t know the rules.

二、表语(表示主语的内容)

Seeing is believing.

Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.

What she hated most was resting at home and doing nothing.

My job is teaching English.

注意：有时不定式作表语可以表示将来时，如：

We are to go to the new museum for a visit tomorrow.

区别的诀窍是表语不定式可以和主语对调，如：

Teaching English is my job.

三、宾语

1．只接动名词作宾语的动词有：be used to, consider, delay,. dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep (on), look forward to, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, pardon, risk, suggest, permit, allow, forbid, advise, set about等。

I can’t risk missing the train.

I don’t mind Jane/ Jane’s buying another one.

2．接动名词和不定式作宾语都可以的动词有：

1) 动名词和不定式意义基本一致的动词：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, prefer, need, want, deserve等；

Jack loves listening / to listen to pop music.

My hair needs cutting.= My hair needs to be cut.

2) 动名词和不定式意义有些差别的动词：remember, forget, try, help,mean, stop, go on等。

I remember posting the letter.

I will remember to post the letter.

I’ve quite forgotten putting it there.

I forgot to put it there.

He tried to write better.

He tried writing better with a brush.

I couldn’t help finishing reading the book.

I’m sorry I can’t help finish doing the job.

Do you mean to tell me you didn’t post it?

If you didn’t do it, it will mean waiting for a long time.

They stopped talking.

They stopped to talk.

He went on pointing out mistakes in the paper.

He went on to point out mistakes in the paper.

注意：regret的用法。

He regretted missing(= having missed = to have missed) the last train.

四、定语（表示被修饰的名词的性能或用途）

freezing point, living room, sleeping car, waiting room, dining room, writing dest, walking stick, washing machine, smoking room等。

注意：a singing bird中的singing现在分词，表示被修饰的名词的动作。

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

1 . везти：везу，везёшь，везут；вёз，везла；

2 . 来了，几个男同学自告奋勇，成立了“临时运输队”。只见他们并肩排成一排，一齐把铁锹插人雪堆的底部，喊着“一，二，三!”便使劲儿地推起来。

3 . Wantitmorethananything

4 . 我和妈妈每人拿了一把铁锨，来到了大玛路上铲雪。只见人们也从四面八方赶来扫雪，连退休的老爷爷老奶奶也赶来了，有的拿着铁锹，有的拿着扫帚，组成了一支铲雪的队伍。而积雪冻在地上可不怎么好铲。一铲下去，才铲了一条白痕，震得手都麻了，铲了半天只铲了一小块地太只见战士们解开棉衣的扣子，脱下帽子，把一块块铲下来的冰雪甩在树下。老爷爷老奶奶们脱下棉手套，用扫帚使劲地把雪推到路两旁。

5 . 小华登在梯子上，轻轻地从枝权上把桃子摘下来，递给下面的小强，小强再把桃子小心翼翼地放进竹篓里。

6 . 她的身材总是保持得很好。

8 . Heisagood-temperedman

9 . 俄语中大部分动词有未完成体和完成体两种形式，叫做体的对应。一个动词的未完成体和完成体形式，词汇意义是相同的，因此不能看作是两个不同的动词。

10 . 虽然我们的胳膊累疼了，皮肤刮破了，可看到这平坦的操场，心里有一种说不出的愉快。

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。

例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and (20XX合肥质检)

give out take in

show off carry on

【解析】分析题意为当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。由题意可知，空缺处应该是炫耀;展示之意，故答案为C。

【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案

(20XX20XX学年度高二第一学期期末六校联考，英语，30)How lovely these children are!

memories of my

called out called for called up called on

【解析】call out出动, 向叫喊， call for 需要，要求， call up召集, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给， call on号召, 呼吁, 约请, 访问。此句意思是他们引起了我对童年的回忆。因此选C。

【答案】C

(20XX20XX学年度高二第一学期期末六校联考，英语，33)Many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their

are addicted to; it get engaged in; which

are related to; what are addicted to; which

【解析】be addicted to 意思是对上瘾，符合题意。And 是一个并列连词，后面应该是并列句，而不是从句，因此排除B和D。be related to与有关，不符合题意，因此排除。

【答案】A

(山东省莒南一中20XX20XX学年度高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评，英语，21)

After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane her job as a doctor

in the

out over up up

【解析】set out出发, 开始 take over接收, 接管take up从事 set up设立根据题意，应选C。

【答案】C

(江苏省扬州中学20XX-20XX学年度高一第二学期3月月考，英语，34)Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all

give away affect with suffer from deal with

【解析】give away分发, 放弃, 泄露， affect影响及物动词， suffer from遭受，deal with处理。从 we are sure to overcome all 这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害，因此应选C。

【答案】C

(重庆市十二校2OO9年高三第一次质量调研抽测试卷,英语，32) The shop assistant was fired as she was _________ of cheating

【解析】be accused of 被控告 accused与of 搭配，符合题意。 be charged with被控告charge 和with 搭配。 blame 责备。

【答案】A

(河南省实验中学08-09学年下期高三第二次月考，24) Asked suddenly about the matter ,he couldnt an answer at

come up with look for put up with answer for

【解析】come up with得出答案 look for寻找 put up with提出 answer for负责根据题意，应该选

【答案】A

(吉林市普通中学20XX20XX学年度高中毕业班下学期期中复习检测，英语，18)

My daughter is not sure what to_______ at the university; she cant make up her

mind about her

take up make up pick up build up

【解析】句意：我的女儿在大学里不知道学什么，对自己的未来他心里还没有底。take up开始学;开始从事。make up组成，构成;编造;pick up拾起;学到;获得;build up逐步建立;增强。

【答案】A

(杭州二中20XX学年高三年级第五次月考，英语，6)His colleagues ______ him though he himself didnt think he had done anything

thought highly of looked up to

sing high praise of show great respect for

【解析】think highly of 固定搭配，译为对评价高符合题意。Show great respect 后应用介词to, C 说法错误，look up to 向上看，不合题意。

【答案】A

(大庆市高三年级第一次教学质量检测试题，英语。33)Hard work and lack of sleep have her beauty and youth in recent

worn out out C made out out

【解析】worn out耗尽，筋疲力尽; tried out试验, 考验, 提炼;make out书写, 填写, 拼凑, 进展, 说明, 设法应付, 理解, 辨认出; sent out发出。

【答案】A

(厦门市20XX年高中毕业班质量检查，英语，23)Its obvious that the Beijing Olympic Games a great

C proved

【解析】show sb sth 出示某物给某人看;keep保持;prove证明是;符合题意，remain仍然。

【答案】C

Before the war broke out, many people ______in safe places possessions they could not take with

throw away away away away

【解析】句意：战争爆发前，好多人把一些不能带走的东西存放在安全的地方。put away存储，存放;throw away扔掉;give away 泄露，赠送;carry away拿走。

【答案】B

The company is atarting a new advertising campaign to ______new custumers to its

attract

【解析】句意：为了把新的顾客吸引到店内，公司开始了一场新的广告战。Attract吸引;transfer 转让，转移。

【答案】B

Modern plastics can ______very high and very low

stand for

【解析】句意：新型的塑料袋能够承受很高和很低的温度。stand承受，经受，经得起。hold支撑,carry 运载 support 支撑，养活。

【答案】A

It was already past midnight and only three young men ______in the

delayed deserted

【解析】句意：已过午夜，只有三个青年那字还在茶馆里。leave,离开，使保留;desert,抛弃，舍弃。A 项应用被动语态， C 和D不合句意。

【答案】B

this seaside resort，you can __________all the comfort and convenience of modern (山东20XX)

【答案】A。

【解析】这几个动词均可以作及物动词，但是意思、含义不一样。enjoy表示.享受之乐，欣赏，喜爱，apply表示运用，应用，专心，致力，receive表示领受，接到，收到，得到(信、命令、请帖等)，achieve表示完成，做到;获得(胜利等);达到(目的)，实现。根据句意只能选A。句意：在这个海滨娱乐场，你可以享受所有现代旅游的舒适与便利。

________the last bus and didnt have any money for taxi，so we had to walk (全国20XX Ⅰ)

【答案】C。

【解析】reach意为到，抵，到达(特定地点，目的地等)，lose意为丢失，丧失，miss意为没赶上(车子等)、错过，catch意为赶(得上)(火车等);追着，捕捉;逮着根据句意只能选C。

17(20XX年福建卷，33)The news of the mayors comong to our school for a visit was ______on the radio

turned out out given out out

【答案】C

【解析】句意：新市长要求来我校参观的消息已于昨日通过广播公布了。A项意为结果是，制造生产 B项意为查清，弄明C项是分发，散发D项为履行，实施

18(20XX年湖北卷，27)If we can ______our present difficulties, then everything should be all

cone across get over come over get off

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果我们能克服目前的困难，一切都会很顺利的。come across 偶遇;get over克服，越过;come over 过来，顺便来访;get off 下车，使动身。

19 (20XX山东) Its the sort of work that__________a high level of

calls for makes up

lies in stands for

【答案】A

【解析】call for要求make up弥补，编造，组成lie in在于stand for代表。句意是正是这种工作要求精力高度集中。故正确答案为选项A。

(20XX浙江)We firmly believe that war never settles It

runs into from

leads to begins with

【答案】C

【解析】run into撞上，陷入come from来自于lead to导致，引起begin with以开始。句意是我们坚信战争不会解决任何问题，它只会引起暴力。故正确答案为C。

The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her students nervousness when then speak

breaking down going over taking off giving away

【解析】A 句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。 Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 复习; take off脱下，起飞;give away分发，赠给，泄露(秘密)。

In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an

standing by turning on getting on running on

【解析】A 句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。stand by 为不及物短语：to wait and be ready for action if needed 准备行动;待机;turn on 打开;get on进展;run down撞倒。根据句意，B 、C、D 三项均不符合。

You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?

spent paid charged offered

【解析】D句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢?offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出价六万英镑买这所房子。 Charge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价(offer)而后才能药费(spend)或支付(pay)帮A、B两项不合常理。

He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about

switched; on kicked; up turned; over took; on

【解析】C句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔细考虑;switch on把开关打开;kick up引起;take on呈现、雇用、承担。

At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen

troubled confused disturbed puzzled

【解析】C trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑;puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排除;根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的(confused),而不受到了人为的干扰(disturbed),才会导致不可预见的影响。因此选择C项。

So, how is your new roommate ?

She really She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude

turns me over turns me down turns me off turns me out

【解析】C turn :把移交，把交给;turn down:拒绝; :使对(某人)感到厌烦、使不感兴趣;turn 驱逐，赶走。根据句意她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择C项。

People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the

hold down

hold up hold back hold out

【解析】C hold down压制，限制;hold up推迟，耽搁;hold back阻挡，抑制;hold out提供，提出。句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。由此可知答案为C项。

Would you like to go to Paris with us next year ?

Id like to, but my mother ______ that I am too

is against opposes objects explains

【解析】C前三项意思相同，都可以表示反对(做)、某事：be against(doing)(doing) ; object to(doing) 。但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为提出异议。前一句邀请对方一起去Paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。D项explain虽然也可执着that 从句，但是它的含义为解释不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。

Theres no bear left and the pubs are shut so youll have to

go out go off go without go through

【解析】C go out外出，熄灭;go off爆炸，中断;go through通过，完成，经历;go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。

The film World without thieves ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the

appreciated enjoyed won seized

【解析】B易误选C，win 指赢得了比赛、奖励、胜利等，不可以与a great success 连用。Enjoy享有，如：He enjoys a reputation for 本题中的enjoy a great success 意为 win large sales。句意：《天下无贼》一举成功，同时也给电影院带来了巨大的盈利。

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

A.作时间状语：

eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.

= _______________, they couldn’t help crying.

②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look.

While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer.

③_______ (finish) his work, he went home.

=_____________, he went home.

B.作原因状语：

Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad.

=____________, he could not afford to travel abroad.

________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder.

_______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post.

________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away.

_____ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.

②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost.

_________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up.

=_____________.

C.方式/伴随状语;

Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh).

②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students.

D.作条件状语：

Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better.

=______________ , I would have done the job far better.

②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time.

E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)

Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves.

②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay.

区别: 不定式表示意外的结果

eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left.

F.作让步状语：Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon.

= _____________, it cleared up very soon.

②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

分词作状语时, 需注意事项:

分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ :

____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful.

___ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city.

巩固性练习

1. Though ____ of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned

2. ____ from this point of view， the question will be of great importance.

A. Considering B. Considered C. Being considered D. Consider

3. ____ and ____， they ran out of the room.

A. Being excited； happily B. Exciting； happy

C. Exciting； happily D. Excited； happy

4. ____ deep down in the earth， the dead forests rotted away and became coal.

A. Buried B. Burying

C. To bury D. Being buried

5. If ____ green， the door might look more beautiful.

A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint

6. Eva， ____ in Canada， lived and practiced law in America.

A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born

7. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction， ____ completely to the outside world.

A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost

8. Everything ____， it wasn’t a bad holiday.

A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider

9. ____ with a difficult situation， Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing

10. When first ____ to the market， these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. beingintroduced

11. ____， the old man is living a happy life.

A. Taking good care B. Taken good care

C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of

12. He was sitting there， ____ in deep thought.

A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing

13. We are certain that everything will go well as ____.

A. to be planned B. planned C. being planned D. having been planned

14. ——What’s wrong?

——I want to know why you didn’t do as ____.

A. to be told B. telling C. told D. told to

15. When ____， the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed

16..______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.

A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving

17.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing

18.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.

A.Arriving at;to find ing to;discovering that

C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out

19.______ these pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.

A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen

20.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.

A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held

21.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five children.

A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving

22.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.

A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing

23.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .

A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tears

C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears.

24.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.

A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked

25.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not having known D.Having not know

26.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .

A.accepting fully B.being fully accepted C.fully accepting D.fully being accepted

参考答案：

1—5 DBDAB

6—10CDBCB

11—15DBBDA

16—20CBAAA

21—26ABBBAB

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

一、教学目的:

1.情感目标：学习并演唱《花非花》，体会歌曲的情感和歌曲表达的意境。

2.知识目标：了解速度和力度对旋律线的影响，以及发声和气息对音乐的重要性。

3.能力目标：用此歌曲学会轮唱，掌握发音和保持气息的技巧。

二、教学的重点与难点：

1.引导学生充分理解歌曲。

2.气息的掌握和发声位置的保持。

三、教学方法:

讲解、分析、启发的教学法

四、教学用具：

钢琴、多媒体

教学课时：1课时

五、教学过程：

介绍词曲作者导入

白居易的《忆江南》。

黄自的`个人简介。

白居易（772—846），唐代大诗人。字乐元，晚年局香山，自号香山居士。原籍山西太原，生于河南新郑。出生于小官僚家庭。少时因避战乱“衣食不充，冻馁并至”直接体验了民间疾苦。公元800年考中进士，以后做过一些小官，但因直言敢谏被贬。后又任杭州，苏州刺史，管至刑部尚书。晚年闭居洛阳，75岁去世。终身主张“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下”。他的诗作《卖炭翁》《新丰折臂翁》《缚戏人》《忆江南》等因形象鲜明，主题深刻而成为传诵名作。感伤诗中《长恨歌》《琵琶行》更是曲折生动，文彩精致的大作，显示了诗人卓越的艺术才能。

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

I. 分词的归纳与总结

A. –ing结构做定语后置

Do you know the woman talking to Tom?

Who were those people waiting outside?

The road joining two villages is very narrow.

I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.

There were some children swimming in the river.

B. 以-ing or –ed 结尾的形容词做表语

Jane is bored because her job is boring.

Jane’s job is boring, so Jane is bored.

以-ing结尾的形容词表达事物给人的感觉，以–ed 结尾的形容词表达人对事物的感觉。又如：

Julia thinks politics is very interesting.

The film was disappointing. I expected it to be much better.

We were shocked when we heard the news.

Everybody was surprised that he passed the exam.

C. 动词或介词+ing做宾语

A）在下列词后的动词要用-ing形式

Enjoy, stop, finish, consider, avoid, practise, suggest, mind, risk, keep, appreciate, admit, miss, delay, etc.

I enjoy dancing.

Would you mind closing the window?

Amy suggested going to the cinema.

Don’t keep interrupting me while I am speaking.

B）介词(in, for, about, before, …)+ing

What are the advantages of having a car?

How about playing tennis tomorrow?

I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.

Before going out, I phoned Sarah.

What did you do after leaving school?

C）动词+介词的词组+ing

I am thinking of buying a house.

Do you feel like going out for dinner tonight?

I am used to driving on the left because I’ve lived in Britain for a long time.

Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again?

I prefer driving to travelling by train.

这类的词组有give up, put off, carry on, succeed in, dream of, insist on 等

D. 动词-ing形式做宾语补足语

I saw him walking along the street at night yesterday.

I could hear it raining.

I found Sue in my room reading a letter.

类似的词还有：feel, listen to, look at, notice, watch, observe, etc

E. –ing 从句做状语

Jim hurt his arm playing tennis. (=while he was playing)

A man ran out of the house shouting. (=he ran out of the house and he was shouting)

Having finished her work, she went home. (=after she had finished her work, she went home)

Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (=because I felt tired, I went to bed early)

Having already seen the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema. (=because I had already seen it twice, I …)

II. 不定式的基本结构

A. 结构主动形式被动形式

一般式 to do to be done

进行式 to be doing --------

完成式 to have done to have been done

B. 例句

（1）The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. （定语）

（2）They decided to finish the job on time. （宾语）

（3）I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. （宾补）

（4）He was the best man to do the job. （宾补）

（5）They went there to visit their teacher. (状语)

（6）My question is how to find out some useful information. （疑问词引导）

附：动词搭配表

I. v. + to do

1.wish to do 2.hope to do

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mise to do 4.decide to do

5.refuse to do 6.agree to do

7.expect to do 8.manage to do

9.fail to do 10.prefer to do

11.plan to do 12.want to do

13.ought to do 14.have to do

15.used to do/be use to do 16.seem to do

17.would like to do 18.in order to do

19.so as to do 20.set out to do

21.make up one's mind to do 22.take trouble to do

23.It takes sb. some time to do 24.be going to do

25.be about to do 26.happen to do

27.pretend to do/to have done/to be doing

28.be thought/believed /said /reported to do

29.have no choice but to do

II. v. +adj. + to do

1. be willing to do 2. be likely to do

3. be able to do 4. too ... to do

5. be glad to do 6. be determined to do

7. be ready to do 8. be sure to do

9. be pleased to do 10. be afraid to do

11. be surprised to do 12. be eager to do

13. be anxious to do

14. It is important/necessary...for sb. to do

15. be...enough(for sb.) to do 16.be the first/last to do

17. be careful not to do/take care not to do

III. v.+ sb. + to do

1. help sb. to do 2. order sb. to do

3. tell sb. to do 4. wish sb. to do

5. want sb. to do 6. force sb. to do

7. get sb. to do 8. drive sb. to do

9. forbid sb. to do 10. cause sb. to do

11. allow sb. to do 12. permit sb. to do

13. persuade sb. to do 14. advise sb. to do

15. invite sb. to do 16. prefer sb. to do

17. require sb. to do 18. call on sb. to do

19. It cost sb. some money to do 20. think/consider sb. to be

IV. v.+ sb. / sth.+ do/ doing / done

1. see 2. hear 3. notice 4. watch 5. listen to 6. look at

7. feel 8. have 9. observe

E.g. I saw him come in. He was seen to come in.

Him working

The problem settled

V. v. + do

1.can, may, must, should, need, will, dare

2.please do 3. had better do 4. would rather do...(than do)

5.why (not) do 6.let/make/have sb. do

7.have nothing to do but do

There is nothing to do but do They could do nothing but do

VI. v.+ doing

1.enjoy doing 2.risk doing

3.avoid doing 4.keep doing

5.practise doing

6.suggest doing / sb.'s doing / that sb.(should) do

7.miss doing 8. finish doing

9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing

11.resist doing 12. consider doing

13. mind doing / sb.'s doing / if sb. do

14. imagine doing 15. keep on doing

16. go on doing 17. insist on doing

18. be busy doing 19. set about doing

20. give up doing 21. feel like doing

22. can't help doing

23. spend/save/waste/kill/time (in) doing

24. It is no use/good doing

25. prefer doing to doing

26. look forward to doing

27. succeed in doing

28. be afraid of doing

29. have trouble/difficulty (in) doing

30 There is trouble / difficulty (in) doing

31. prevent / keep /stop sb. from doing

32. thank you for doing

33. praise sb. for doing

34. punish sb. for doing

35. excuse sb. for doing / sb.'s doing

36. apologize for doing

37. be (well) worth doing / be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done

38. want / need / require doing

E.g. The boy wanted to wash his handkerchief./ The boy wanted washing.

I need to buy a new pair of trousers. / The trousers need mending.

39. do some reading/washing/cleaning/shopping/cooking/more speaking

40. go swimming/dancing/shopping/skating/boating/sightseeing/skiing

VII. v.+ to do / doing

A. 意义差别不大

Begin/start e.g. When shall we start working/to work?

Suddenly it started to rain.

Now he began to realize/know his mistakes.

B.接doing表示一般情况,接to do表示具体

1. like/love e.g. I like swimming. But I don't like to swim this afternoon.

2. hate e.g. I hate getting up early. I hate to get up at this time.

3. prefer e.g. He prefers doing to talking.

I'd prefer to go by bike rather than walk this time.

C. 接doing表示已完成的动作,接to do表示未做的动作

1. remember e.g. Remember to close the window before you leave.

I remember being taken to the Great Wall when I was young.

2.forget e.g. Don't forget to lock the door.

I'll never forget meeting him for the first time.

D.意义有差别

1. try e.g. He tried to escape but he was caught.

He try unlocking the door with another key.

2. stop e.g. Stop talking, please. Let's stop to work.

3. regret e.g. I regret to say/tell you/inform you that you failed in the test.

How I regret telling him the news.

4.mean e.g. I'm sorry if I have hurt your feeling. But I didn't mean to.

The incident probably means war/fighting between the two nations.

5. go on

E.g. After he had finished his homework, he went on to write a letter.

Having been put into prison, he went on writing songs.

6. be afraid to do/of doing

E.g. I’m afraid to go out at night.

Most people are afraid of snakes.

Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when learning a foreign language.

【模拟试题】

1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96, 23)

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost

2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation. (NMET 96)

A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating

3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912. (NMET97)

A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing

4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET 97)

A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone

5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98,23)

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99,25)

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (NMET 99)

A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying

8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.(NMET 99)

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. (NMET春北京 00)

A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects

10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (NMET01)

A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep

11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party. (上海，40)

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year. (NMET2000, 22)

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.

A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time

14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything. ( 上海)

A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told

15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. ( 上海)

A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed

16. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers.

(NMET2002 北京)

A. to solving, making B. to solving, made

C. to solve, making D. to solve, made

17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change it.

(NMET2002)

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

( 上海)

A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise. (NMET2003 北京)

A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen. (NMET2003)

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing. (春季上海)

A. at B. seating C. seated D. to be seating

22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________. (NMET2004 重庆)

A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry

23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

(NMET2004广东)

A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed

D. Having not completed

24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam. (NMET2004 福建)

A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing

25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.

(2004 上海)

A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt

26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET2004全国)

A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned

27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

28. This company was the first ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world. (春上海)

A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced

29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (NMET2005 春季北京)

A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing

30. The storm left, ____________a lot of damage to this area. (NMET2005全国)

A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

【试题答案】

1-5 CCCDC 6-10 DABCA 11-15 DCBDC 16-20 BDBDB

21-25 CACDB 26-30CDBCD

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象，使得文章读起来通顺自然，高端大气，非谓语结构的运用是我们英文写作技巧的又一亮点，例如：

1.When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

2. As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

3. As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

4.Her job is to clean the hall.

她的工作是打扫大厅。

5.He appears to have caught a cold.

他似乎感冒了。

6.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

7.With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema.

他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。

8.This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader，to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing：he has begun to write to please.

试图消除自己和读者之间的距离或试图用不了解自己的那些人的观点来研究自己塑造的人物形象会导致自己的毁灭：因为他已经开始为取悦别人开始写作了。

9.Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history.

在1925年前后，若把二三十页的信息提交给当时任何一个列强都足以改变世界历史的进程。

10. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend， among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness.

现如今的英国，习惯性聚餐仅出现在周末的富有家庭里，他们竭尽全力想要保持住某种古老并象征着团结的东西。

As more and more students tend to take computers to college, a hot discuss on this phenomenon attract people’s attention. Some say that students can use computers to study. Some think that students can contact with their families and friends. Some believe students spend too much playing computers. In my point of view, I think students should be allowed to take computers to college. Reasons are as follows.

越来越多的学生倾向于拿电脑到学校里，此现象引起了人们的关注。一些人认为学生可以借助电脑学习。一些人认为学生可以用电脑联系家人和朋友。一些人认为学生会花费很多的时间玩电脑游戏。就我看来，我认为学生应该带电脑去学校。原因如下：

First of all, students can learn much from computers. As we enter into the 21 century, almost all people use computers to work. Hence, if students own computers, then they can learn how to use computer so that they wouldn’t lag behind. Besides, students can learn knowledge by surfing the internet. If they come across a certain subject, then, they can use computers to search for the relative knowledge.

首先，学生可以从电脑里学到很多东西。自我们进入21世纪，几乎所有的人都用电脑工作。因此，如果学生有电脑的话，他们可以学习如何使用电脑，而不会落在别人后面。另外，学生也可以通过网上冲浪学到很多知识。如果他们遇到一个课题，那么，他们可以用电脑寻找相关的知识。

Secondly, student can contact with families and friends quite often. As computers are so available, people use computers to contact with their families and friend quite often by chat tools which will save us lots of money rather than talking on the phone.

其次，学生可以经常联系自己的家人和朋友。由于电脑触手可及，人们可以通过聊天工具随时联系自己的家人和朋友。用这种方式，会比我们通过电话联系他们节省很多。

All in all, students should be allowed to own computers so that they can not only learn lots of knowledge but also they can contact with others whenever they want.

总之，学生应该拥有电脑，这样的话不仅他们能学到很多的知识，而且，他们能够随时联系他人。

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

动词不定式的形式为(to)+do/be done，其中to有时要省略。通常所说的“动词原形”其实质就是不带to的不定式形式。不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。它的否定形式为not+(to)do/be done。

一、不定式的时态性

不定式从时态角度讲，具体形式分为一般式、进行式和完成式，是以不定式动作与谓语动词发生的时间的比较决定的。具体情况如下：

1、一般式

不定式的一般式所表示的不定式动词与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。

【例句】Tom plans to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams.汤姆计划要考研。

2、进行式

不定式的进行式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。

【例句】Tom pretended to be fully sleeping.汤姆装作睡得很沉。

3、完成式

不定式的完成式表示发生于谓语动词动作之前。

【例句】Tom is pleased to have met his friend who has not kept in touch for many years.汤姆很高兴能遇上他多年未联系的朋友。

二、不定式的句子成分属性

不定式如其他非谓语动词一样可以充当多种句子成分，包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及状语。

1、作主语

【例句】To accomplish the budget in a month is impossible.在一个月内完成预算是不可能的。

2、作表语

【例句】My wife’s task is to take charge of loveliness.我老婆的'任务是负责”可爱”。

3、作宾语

1）如果谓语动词为find,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer时，不定式（宾语）后面存在宾语补足语成分，要用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置于句尾，放在宾语补足语后面。

【例句】Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

2）动词不定式充当介词宾语

【例句】Youth like me have no choice but to make arduous efforts.像我这样的年轻人除了努力奋斗，别无选择。

3）动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用

【例句】Tom gave me some advice on how to drive cars safely.汤姆给了我一些如何安全驾车的建议。

4、作宾语补足语

在谓语动词为want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite等词时，动词不定式作宾语补足语；此外，介词后接完宾语之后有时需要接宾语补足语。

【例句】My mother forced me to drink milk before sleeping.我妈强迫我睡觉前喝牛奶。

5、作定语

动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后（后置定语）。不定式动词一般为及物动词，所修饰的名词充当不定式动词的宾语，道理与定语从句类似。

【例句】I have a lot of tasks to finish.我有很多任务要完成。

6、作状语

1）表目的

【例句】Some poor students do part-time jobs to get more money to continue their further education.一些贫困学生打工赚钱交学费继续深造。

2）表结果（表示与期望相反的结果）：常放在only之后

【例句】He arrived late only to find the train had gone.他来晚了，只见火车已经走了。

3）表原因：常放在形容词之后

【例句】I am sorry to hear that,but face the music.听到这些我很难过，但还是面对现实吧。

4）表程度

【例句】The box is too heavy for Tom to carry.这个盒子对于汤姆来说太重了以至于搬不动。

5）合并简单句为非谓语动词作状语：

①二合一（两个句子如果主语相同，可以选择其中一个句子作主句，然后省略另一句的主语并把谓语改为非谓语动词形式悬挂于主句之前或之后。）

【例句】

Journalists hear that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing.记者们听说孙燕姿要去北京。

They set out to obtain the news.他们出发去搜集新闻。

合并：Hearing that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing,journalists set out toobtainthe news.

②多合一（多个句子合并，选择其中有相同主语的句子合并。全句保留一个主语和一个谓语，其他的动词都变成非谓语动词的形式悬挂于主句之前或之后。）

【例句】

I smoke a cigarette.

I drink water.

I break off my mouth.

I tilted my legs.

我撅着嘴，翘着二郎腿，一边抽烟一边喝水。

合并：Having broken off my mouth and titled my legs,I smoke a cigarette,drinking a glass of water.

♥️ 非谓语教案 ♥️

1．常接不定式作宾语的动词有afford ,agree, arrange, ask, cannot help but, choose, dare, decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, like, love, long, manage, mean, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, want, wish, would like 等；

2．常接动名词作宾语的动词有consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep (on), mind, miss, practice, put off, resist, pardon, risk, suggest, feel, allow, permit, forbid, advise, admit, feel like, set about, stick to, be used to, look forward to, insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, hear of, prevent from, keep from, stop from, be engaged in, oppose to, depend on, thank for, punish for, praise for, excuse for, aim at, devote to, be devoted to, spend in, have a good time in, have trouble/difficulty in, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be successful in, be interested in, be ashamed of, be proud of, be responsible for等；

3．常接不定式和动名词作宾语都可以的动词有1)没有大区别的like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, prefer, 2)有区别的remember, forget, regret, try, help, mean, stop, go on, want/require/need/deserve等；

4．常接不定式特殊结构作宾语的动词有decide, find out, forget, remember, know, learn, see, wonder, discuss, show, teach, explain, tell等；

5．常接不定式作宾补的动词有see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at; have, let, make; consider, declare, find, prove, think, judge, believe, discover, feel, suppose; ask, tell, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, get, invite, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn,等；

1) John was careless to break the cup.

=It was careless of John to break the cup.

(brave, wise, clever, bright, cute, foolish, stupid, silly, cruel, good, nice, honest, kind, lazy, modest, polite, rude, selfish等)

2) For you to teach Mary is easy.

=It is easy for you to teach Mary.

(cheap, dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, expensive, extraordinary, funny, interesting, important, impossible, possible, proper, improper, pleasant, splendid, strange, useful 等)

1) Apples are good to eat.

The chair is comfortable to sit in.

This is a hard problem to solve.

This is a problem hard to solve.

(easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, impossible, important, comfortable, interesting, funny, pleasant, good, nice, bitter, sweet, sour, hot等)

2) His hair needs cutting.

3) The old radio is past repairing.

The beauty of the Great Wall is beyond painting.

4) The film is worth seeing again.

8．接过去分词作宾补的动词有：

1） Everyone thought the battle lost.

2) She couldn’t wait to make it known that she had bought a new car.